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OPEN ACCESS
John Cook1,2,3, Dana Nuccitelli2,4, Sarah A Green5, Mark Richardson6, Bärbel Winkler2, Rob Painting2, Robert Way7, Peter Jacobs8 and Andrew Skuce2,9
John Cook et al 2013 Environ. Res. Lett. 8 024024doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024024© 2013 IOP Publishing LtdReceived 18 January 2013, accepted for publication 22 April 2013 Published 15 May 2013
We analyze the evolution of the scientific consensus on anthropogenic global warming (AGW) in the peer-reviewed scientific literature, examining 11944 climate abstracts from 1991–2011 matching the topics 'global climate change' or 'global warming'. We find that 66.4% of abstracts expressed no position on AGW, 32.6% endorsed AGW, 0.7% rejected AGW and 0.3% were uncertain about the cause of global warming. Among abstracts expressing a position on AGW, 97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming. In a second phase of this study, we invited authors to rate their own papers. Compared to abstract ratings, a smaller percentage of self-rated papers expressed no position on AGW (35.5%). Among self-rated papers expressing a position on AGW, 97.2% endorsed the consensus. For both abstract ratings and authors' self-ratings, the percentage of endorsements among papers expressing a position on AGW marginally increased over time. Our analysis indicates that the number of papers rejecting the consensus on AGW is a vanishingly small proportion of the published research.
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The Guardian (Suzanne Goldenberg, US environment correspondent). 16 Maio 2013
A survey of thousands of peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals has found 97.1% agreed that climate change is caused by human activity.
The survey considered the work of some 29,000 scientists published in 11,994 academic papers. Of the 4,000-plus papers that took a position on the causes of climate change only 0.7% or 83 of those thousands of academic articles, disputed the scientific consensus that climate change is the result of human activity, with the view of the remaining 2.2% unclear.
(...)
Of more than 4,000 academic papers published over 20 years, 97.1% agreed that climate change is anthropogenic.
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By Professor Juan Luis Suárez de Vivero,Department of Human Geography - University of Seville
Due to geographical features, maritime jurisdictions in the Mediterranean and Black Seas are particularly complex. The number of states and their relative positions create new boundaries that impact on coastal states' and third countries' access to use of the living resources. This study describes and analyses the jurisdictional structure of these two basins and the possible impacts on fishing activity.
See the study here
Fonte: Eurocean
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